Long exposure photography tips

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Long exposures can be used to create beautiful and mysterious-looking images, transforming landscape or city scenes without any post-processing. It's become one of my favourite techniques, and in my tutorial I'll explain everything you need to know to get started with long exposures.…

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Sony Kumamoto Earthquake Video

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Imaging Resource publishes a video on Sony Kumamoto fab earthquake damage and a recovery effort that brought fab back to life in a so short time:

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LG Announces Smartphone Camera with F1.6 Lens

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BusinessWire: The upcoming LG V30 smartphone is said to have camera module with F#1.6 lens, said to be the brightest in smartphones. I wonder what is the effective aperture of the pixels in the sensor and whether it makes use of the so bright lens.

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Sony introduces 2.9um Pixel 1080p60 HDR Sensors

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Sony introduces IMX307 and IMX327 sensors featuring 2.9um pixels. The 1080p60 sensors support multiple-exposure and DOL-HDR and have 12b ADC.

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ESPROS CEO Interview

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Autosens publishes an interview with ESPROS CEO Beat De Coi. Few quotes:

Q: Why did you decide to buck the trend in semiconductors to have your own foundry?

A: Simply there was or is no silicon CMOS technology available which offered high Quantum Efficiency in NIR in combination with high performance CCD. Our backside illumination technology OHC15L offers what is needed for powerful LiDAR, TOF and in general ultrafast gated imagers.

Q: Your session on time-of-flight sensors is about next generation technology – what’s different about it from existing ToF?

A: - Quantum Efficiency is greater than 75% @905nm
- active ambient light suppression
- single pulse operation vs. continuous light modulation in previous generation systems


Q: What is the timescale of this technology coming to the market?

A: Early 2018

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Sony FE 70-200mm f2.8 GM OSS review

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The Sony FE 70-200mm f2.8 G Master is a pro telephoto zoom for Alpha mirrorless cameras. One of the first G Master lenses, it delivers high resolution details with attractive rendering. Find out in our review if it's still the best option!…

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Nikon AF-P 70-300mm f4.5-5.6E VR review

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The Nikon AF-P 70-300mm f4.5-5.6E is a stabilized 4.3x telephoto zoom corrected for use on full-frame Nikon DSLRs. It's the successor to Nikon's popular but 11 year old AF-S 70–300mm 4.5–5.6G. Thomas finds out how it compares to this and other rivals in his review!…

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Stacking Technologies Overview

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Phil Garrou IFTLE 346 overviews image sensor staking history since Sony introduced it in 2013:

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Grenoble-Lyon Imaging Valley Guide

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EETimes publishes a useful article "Engineer's Guide to Imaging Valley" by Junko Yoshida. Most of the France’s imaging companies are concentrated in the Grenoble/Lyon area:


The article gives a very nice overview of the history and contemporary state of the French Imaging Valley.

Thanks to JD for the link!

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ON Semi Exits Mobile CIS Business, Licenses-Out Related Patents

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SeekingAlpha Q2 2017 earnings call transcript gives some interesting info about ON Semi image sensor business:

"During the second quarter, we exited the mobile image sensor market as the margin profile for that business was not comparable with our target financial model.

Furthermore, we monetize the value of highly differentiated mobile imaging technology, through an intellectual property licensing agreement with a third-party. We have excluded the gain of approximately $24 million related to this transaction from our second quarter non-GAAP results.

Second quarter free cash flow and operating cash flow included approximately $24 million from a licensing arrangement related to the mobile image sensor business.

For the second quarter, we again posted strong growth in our CMOS image sensor business for viewing and ADAS applications. We continue to gain market share in automotive image sensors and our design win pipeline for our CMOS image sensors for automotive applications continues to grow at a rapid pace.

We continue to see strong growth in machine vision applications with our PYTHON line of CMOS image sensors. As I indicated earlier, we are engaging at the very early stage with key players in artificial intelligence for machine vision and robotics applications.
"

The company's spreadsheet shows the proportion of image sensor business over the years:

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Nikon Coolpix W100 review

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The Nikon COOLPIX W100 is a budget point-and-shoot waterproof compact. If you were asked to describe it in two words they would be simple and inexpensive, given a couple more you could also add fun and stylish. The COOLPIX W100 was launched (surely the appropriate word for a camera designed for use in the water)…

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UNC Chapel Hill Asynchronous Sensor Architecture

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University North Caroline at Chapel Hill presents "A Frameless Imaging Sensor with Asynchronous Pixels: An Architectural Evaluation" by Montek Singh, Pintian Zhang, Andrew Vitkus, Ketan Mayer-Patel, and Leandra Vicci at 2017 IEEE Intl Symposium on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems.

"The goal of this work is to develop a novel CMOS camera sensor that provides frameless capture, and has significantly higher dynamic range, finer color sensitivity, and lower noise as compared to the current state-of-the-art sensors. The strength of the approach lies not in developing new types of photodetectors or amplifiers, but in the manner in which information is extracted from the pixel sensor, transported to the processing logic, and processed to yield intensity values. At the heart of the sensor is an asynchronous network to transport events from the pixel sensors to the off-grid processing circuitry. The asynchronous nature of pixel communication is the key to achieving frameless image capture."


The UNC Chapel Hill research group is looking for industrial partners who might be interested in the IP and in partnering with the group for further development.

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Chronocam in Novus Light

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NovusLight publishes an article "Vision Inspired by Biology" based on the talk with Luca Verre, the CEO and co-founder of Chronocam. Few quotes:

"Based on the new technology concept, the company recently released a QVGA resolution (320 by 240 pixels) sensor with a pixel size of 30-microns on a side and quoted power efficiency of less than 10mW.

Because the sensor is able to detect the dynamics of a scene at the temporal resolution of few microseconds (approximately 10 usec) depending on the lighting conditions, the device can achieve the equivalent of 100,000 frames/sec.

In Chronocam’s vision sensor, the incident light intensity is not encoded in amounts of charge, voltage, or current but in the timing of pulses or pulse edges. This scheme allows each pixel to autonomously choose its own integration time. By shifting performance constraints from the voltage domain into the time domain, the dynamic range is no longer limited by the power supply rails.

Therefore, the maximum integration time is limited by the dark current (typically seconds) and the shortest integration time by the maximum achievable photocurrent and the sense node capacitance of the device (typically microseconds). Hence, a dynamic range of 120dB can be achieved with the Chronocam technology.

Due to the fact that the imager also reduces the redundancy in the video data transmitted, it also performs the equivalent of a 100x video compression on the image data on chip.

The company announced it had raised $15 million in funding from Intel Capital, along with iBionext, Robert Bosch Venture Capital GmbH, 360 Capital, CEAi and Renault Group.
"


From the company presentation at Event-based Vision Workshop 2017:

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Smartphone Cameras Go from Double to Triple

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GSM Arena reports that the upcoming Vivo X20 (Xplay 7) smartphone features 5 cameras - double on the front and triple on the rear sides:

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IISW 2017 Papers On-Line

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International Image Sensors Workshop 2017 held in Hiroshima, Japan on May 30-June 2, publishes all 110 presented papers on-line: 61 regular papers, 45 posters, and 4 invited papers. Some of the papers also have presentation slides published. It's a very good read over the weekend!

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Yole Uncooled Thermal Imaging Report

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Yole Developpement releases "Uncooled Infrared Imagers market & technology trends" report: "Today the uncooled IR camera market is showing an 8% CAGR between 2016 and 2022 reaching almost US$ 4.4 billion at the end of the period. Only few players control this industry. In 2016, two leading companies, FLIR and ULIS, both with different market strategies and solutions, owned more than 75% of the total market (in volume).

Besides FLIR and ULIS, many others players are also benefiting from IR imaging market growth:

• SEEK Thermal has introduced its new, higherperformance RevealPRO, and CompactPRO products as the company moves from consumer products to more high-end products.

• Players such as BAE Systems or Leonardo DRS are benefiting from the defense market growth cycle that could still last for a few more years.

• Newcomers are introducing their products, for example, Teledyne Dalsa released its first Vox microbolometers in 2017.

• Many companies in China are developing their own microbolometers. They do not produce large volumes today but the domestic market has great potential.

• On the other hand companies like Bosch, long involved in the MEMS and infrared businesses, have changed their strategies.
"


"2016 was a good year for the microbolometer market. There were almost 900,000 uncooled IR camera shipments, worth $2.7B in revenues thanks to a dynamic commercial market and continued growth for military applications. Many commercial applications drove this growth, including thermography, surveillance, PVS and firefighting. In 2022, we estimate there will be 1.7M units shipped.

Thermography is still the leading commercial market by far, in both value and volume. We estimate that there will be 500,000 thermography units shipped annually by 2022. As camera prices continue to fall, with several new products below $1000, sales are growing.

Surveillance is another interesting market. Until recently, thermal cameras have primarily been used in high-end surveillance for critical and government infrastructure. New municipal and commercial applications with lower price points are now arising, including traffic, parking, power stations and photovoltaic planning. We estimate this market will grow at almost 17% over 2017-2022 to reach 300,000 units by 2022.

Night vision in cars, including autonomous vehicles, could boost the microbolometer market. China is already a large market for automotive night vision, absorbing 25% of the total number of systems produced. In coming years, China will continue to account for a high share of this market.
"

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Himax Q3 2017 Update Focuses on 3D Imaging and NIR

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Himax Q3 2017 report has an update on the company's imaging business:

The Company believes 3D sensing is among the most significant new features for the next generation smartphone. The Company’s SLiM product line, based on structured light technology, is a state of the art total solution for 3D sensing. Himax’s goal is to provide total solutions with performance, size, power consumption and costs all suitable for smartphones and tablets. Himax offers fully integrated structure light modules, with the vast majority of the key technologies inside the module also developed and supplied by the Company. These critical in-house technologies include advanced optics utilizing the Company’s world leading WLO technology, laser driver IC, high precision active alignment for the projector assembly, high performance near-infrared CMOS image sensor and, last but not least, an ASIC chip for 3D depth map generation. The fact that all of these critical building blocks are developed in-house puts the Company in a unique position. Himax is able to react quickly and tailor its solutions to customers’ specific needs.

It also represents a very high barrier of entry for any potential competition and a much higher ASP for the Company. While the Company prefers to offer a total solution, it can also provide the aforementioned individual technologies separately to select customers so as to best accommodate their specific needs.

Thanks to the Company’s absolute technology leadership, its progress made with the fully integrated structure light 3D sensing total solution module is very exciting. Himax is seeing strong demand for 3D sensing solutions from numerous tier 1 customers. The Company is in close collaboration with select leading smartphone makers and partners right now, aiming to bring its total solution to mass production as early as early 2018 to meet the customers' aggressive launch timetables. Moreover, given that the Company is offering highly integrated solutions with ASPs much higher than those of individual components, by the time the Company starts shipping its total solutions, they will be a major contributor to both Himax’s revenues and profit, and consequently create a more favorable product mix for the Company.

Himax continues to make great progress with its two machine vision sensor product lines, namely, near infrared (“NIR”) sensor and Always-on-Sensor (“AoS”). The Company’s NIR sensor is a critical part in the structured light 3D sensing total solution. The Company’s NIR sensors’ overall performance is far ahead of those of its peers in 3D sensing applications. Himax currently offers low noise HD, or 1 megapixel, and 5.5 megapixel NIR sensors and is planning to add more to further enrich its product portfolio. Himax’s NIR sensors deliver superior quantum efficiency in the NIR range, especially over 940nm band which is critical for outdoor applications.

The Company’s AoS solutions provide super low power computer vision, which enables new applications across a wide variety of industries. The ultra-low power, always-on vision sensor is a powerful solution capable of detecting, tracking and recognizing its environment in an extremely efficient manner using just a few milliwatts of power. The Company is pleased to report that it already has one major global brand leveraging its AoS in their new high end TV models, which have already hit the market.

For the traditional human vision segments, Himax sees strong demand in notebooks and increased shipments for multimedia applications such as car recorders, surveillance, drones, home appliances, and consumer electronics, among others
"

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Sony on Automotive Image Sensing

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AutoSens publishes an interview with Abhay Rai, Director Product Marketing: Automotive Imaging at Sony. Few quotes:

Q: What are sensor problems for autonomous driving?

A: Due to the emergence of safety critical application, basic performance requirements have changed. Sensors need to reliably work for long time. Reliable operating temperature range, functional safety, security, power, and heat are very important performance parameters that a safety critical system design need to address.

Challenge for an image sensor for autonomous driving is: Can a sensor still see well under all real world conditions (reliable working and always working).


Q: Why can’t we just use dashcam footage on YouTube for finding problems?

A: Dashcam footage can be a datapoint but autonomous driving system requires more real world data and real world simulation to get to the best, robust and the safest autonomous driving car.

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Sony E 18-105mm f4 review-so-far

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The Sony E PZ 18-105mm f4G OSS is a general-purpose 5.8x motorized zoom for Sony's cropped-frame / APSC mirrorless cameras, including the A5000, A6000 and original NEX ranges, where it delivers a 27-158mm equivalent range. Check out my sample images from a trip to Thailand!…

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NHK Open House 2017

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NHK Open House held in Tokyo in May 2017 revealed the latest TV innovations:

3D-integrated image sensor with per-pixel interconnect (together with University of Tokyo): "We have managed to shrink the pixels from the previous size of approximately 80 × 80 µm² to approximately 50 × 50 µm²."


Fast 8K 240fps image sensor: "We developed a 33 megapixel image sensor capable of high-speed operation and constructed a prototype 8K high-speed camera supporting shooting at 240 fps, which is four times the frame rate in 8K test satellite broadcasting. This camera enables the shooting of fast-paced action such as that in sports in 8K ultrahigh-definition video."


And many other innovations including organic image sensor "with a charge multiplication photoelectric conversion fi lm in order to achieve highly sensitive 8K cameras" and "organic image sensors with three organic films that provide sensitivity for each of the primary colors."

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Pixart Q2 2017 Results

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Pixart Q2 2017 revenue increased by 17.4% QoQ to NT$1,295.3 million. The gross margin increased from 52.8% in previous quarter to 55.8% in 2017 Q2 due to decrease in expenses and product mix change.

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Yole on Apple Activity in Grenoble Area

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EETimes article on fabs mentions Apple imaging group activity: "Or, take the example of the imaging-tech landscape growing rapidly in the Grenoble/Lyon area. Pierre Cambou, activity leader for imaging and sensors at Yole Développement, explained that imaging technology innovation often demands advancements in new manufacturing techniques. In return, it creates a tech-driven environment.

Reportedly, more than a dozen Apple engineers are moving to Grenoble to open an R&D center. This is happening precisely because the region has the expertise in image sensors and production — led by ST. “You need to have factories” to make an ecosystem, said Cambou.
"

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Technavio Divides ToF Market to Regions

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BusinessWire: Techvanio market reports often feature an interesting mix of quite obvious and quite unusual statements.

Sunil Kumar Singh, a lead analyst at Technavio, reports: "The growing popularity of augmented reality and virtual reality devices, 3D scanners, and gesture recognition technologies and the high investment in driverless cars by automobile manufacturers such as Ford, Nissan, and Tesla are expected to drive the global ToF market.

The demand for camera-enabled phones has been on the rise in South America and will drive the market for ToF sensors in this region. The replacement of CCD sensors with ToF sensors in many applications will also have a major impact on the ToF sensors market. The US, followed by Canada and Brazil, is the leading revenue generating country in the region owing to the early adoption of the technology
"

Global time of flight sensor market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3% from 2017-2021. The consumer electronics segment accounted for close to 52% of the ToF sensor market share in 2016.

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Digitimes Research: Sony Market Share is 45%

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Digitimes Research believes that Sony took a 45% share of the global CIS market in 2016, while Samsung grabbed a 15% share of the market. The global CIS shipment value will grow to $11.2b in 2017 from $10.4b in 2016. The market is forecast to grow to nearly $13.8b in 2020.

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Sony Image Sensor Sales Up but Forecast Down

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Sony announces its quarterly earning results. The company updates about its image sensor business:

"Sales increased 41.4% year-on-year (a 38% increase on a constant currency basis) to 204.3 billion yen. This increase was primarily due to a significant increase in unit sales of image sensors for mobile products, as well as the absence of the impact of a decrease in image sensor production due to the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes in the same quarter of the previous fiscal year, partially offset by a significant decrease in sales of camera modules, a business which was downsized."

The forecast for 2017 fiscal year ending in March 2018 has been updated too:

"Sales are expected to be lower than the April forecast primarily due to lower-than-expected image sensor unit sales for mobile products, partially offset by the impact of foreign exchange rates. Operating income is expected to be higher than the April forecast mainly due to lower-than-expected production costs as well as the positive impact of foreign exchange rates, partially offset by the impact of the above-mentioned decrease in sales."

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EDoF Rebirth

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Extended Depth of Focus (EDoF) techniques used to be a popular topic 10-15 years ago, as long as the mainstream camera phone resolution has not exceeded 2MP. However, EDoF companies were unable to scale their resolution beyond that point.

Technology University of Tampere, Finland and FLIR seem to find a good application for EDoF in MWIR cameras, where resolutions are still low up to these days. Their paper "A novel two- and multi-level binary phase mask design for enhanced depth-of-focus" by Vladimir Katkovnik, Nicholas Hogasten, and Karen Egiazarian propose a novel algorithm and its implementation for MWIR cameras:

"A midwave infrared (MWIR) system is simulated showing that this design will produce high quality images even for large amounts of defocus. It is furthermore shown that this technique can be used to design a flat, single optical element, systems where the phase mask performs both the function of focusing and phase modulation."

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University of Linz Lensless Camera

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University of Linz, Austria, publishes a paper "Thin-film camera using luminescent concentrators and an optical Söller collimator" by Alexander Koppelhuber and Oliver Bimber.

"We discuss optical imaging capabilities and limitations, and present first prototypes and results. Modern 3D laser lithography and deep X-ray lithography support the manufacturing of extremely fine collimator structures that pave the way for flexible and scalable thin-film cameras that are far thinner than 1 mm (including optical imaging and color sensor layers)."


Thanks to TL for the link!

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Low Quality LiDARs Restrain Self-Driving Car Progress

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MIT Technology Review: Cheaper LiDARs may not deliver the quality of data required for driving at highway speeds:

"At 70 miles per hour, spotting an object at, say, 60 meters out provides two seconds to react. But when traveling at that speed, it can take 100 meters to slow to a stop. A useful range of somewhere closer to 200 meters is a better target to shoot for to make autonomous cars truly safe.

That’s where cost comes in. Even an $8,000 sensor would be a huge problem for any automaker looking to build a self-driving car that a normal person could afford.
"

Graeme Smith, chief executive of the Oxford University autonomous driving spinoff Oxbotica, told MIT Technology Review that he thinks a trade-off between data quality and affordability in the lidar sector might affect the rate at which high-speed autonomous vehicles take to the roads. Smith thinks that automakers might just have to wait it out for a cheap sensor that offers the resolution required for high-speed driving. “It will be like camera sensors,” he says. “When we first had camera phones, they were kind of basic cameras. And then we got to a certain point where nobody really cared anymore because there was a finite limit to the human eye.

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Nikon Coolpix W300 review

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The Nikon COOLPIX W300 is a rugged waterproof compact with a 5x optical zoom and a 16 Megapixel sensor. It keeps the 24-120mm zoom of the earlier AW130 and 30m water-proofness, and upgrades it with 4k video and better wireless. Find out why it's a great all-rounder in Ken's review!…

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Image Sensor Companies Genealogy

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I've prepared a list of image sensor companies genealogy, with a kind help of EF and DG. As one can understand, nobody's knowledge is complete, so please feel free to add more info and correct mistakes in comments. The link is also available in the left hand side links, next to the image sensor companies list.

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